Free College Admissions Essays: Try, try again! :: College Admissions Essays

Try, try again   Bedraggled, disheartened and blanketed with mud, I sat on the sidewalk blubbering while the tears dripped down my knee. As I watched the salty droplets trickle down my dingy leg and meld with the crimson driblets oozing from my harass shins, I felt a certain overwhelming feeling of helplessness, of defeat. After a comfortable amount of time was spent wallowing in self-pity, my relentless side proficiently mustered the nerve to get back on my very first bicycle and give it another try. I was on my way to conquer ace of my first acquaintances with adversity. Excellence and success is not achieved in perfection but in knowing you tried your best. This is definitely the most powerful virtue that Ive elegant throughout the years. From learning to walk to learning to drive and all the obstacles that I faced in between I was forever and a day able to employ this power saw and trust that belief in it would get me through whatever challenge I faced. As an innocen t, radiant slip of a girl I embarked on my first steps of life. I fell, and fell again until my bottom was bruised, Im sure. Nonetheless, I never gave up, and was up and running around in no time I was ready for bigger and better things. Before long it was time for school. This, by far, has been the most challenging endeavor midst the years. No matter what I always gave it my all and managed to remain a high honors student throughout a majority of my academic career until I was faced with an even larger task...high school. With problems evolution in the family I became incredibly withdrawn and unfortunately, indifferent. By my junior year I was feeling so overwhelmed that, in essence, I surrendered to failure. I barely had the inspiration to go to school let alone do well in my classes. I was accepting defeat and very low grades at that. Then, one day, a teacher said something to me that evoked thought, a second look at my situation. While staying after school, my English teacher said, Jessica, youre a very intelligent girl, and you gain the ability to achieve much higher grades, but you arent trying which is sad because there are kids that try so hard and cant earn the grades that youre so exposed of.

Macbeth Vs Hamlet :: essays research papers

Thesis Shakespeare used the same definition of tragedy when he wrote Macbeth, and when he wrote Hamlet Shakespearean tragedies use supernatural incidents to capture the readers interest, and his plays consist of a hero that has a tragic flaw (sometimes the want for the supernatural) which causes him to make a fatal mistake.I. Introduction II. Spirits III. Comparison IV. Conclusion Shakespeare ever used the same elements of tragedy when he wrote his tragedies. These tragedies can be compared easily, especially Macbet and Hamlet. Shakespearean tragedies use supernatural incidents to intrigue the readers interest, and they consist of a hero that has a tragic flaw (sometimes the desire for the supernatural) which causes him to make a fatal mistake. Shakespeare followed this pattern in all of his tragedies therefore the similarities between Macbeth and Hamlet can easily be defined and discussed.Shakespeare immediately started Macbeth with a supernatural scene. The three witches set the somber and evil tone of the plot. In Hamlet, Shakespeare also presented a supernatural occurrence limiting to the opening. The ghost of Hamlets father presented itself to Hamlet with a chilling story. In both situations, the tragic hero was not sure whether the spirits were good or evil. The unveiling of the supernatural began to lead to the final downfall of each of the characters. In Macbeth, the three witches caused him to think and do evil deeds. If he had never met the witches, he would not own been tempted to murder the king therefore, he would not have placed himself in the position that he felt he needed to kill everyone who crossed his path. If he hadnt been so treacherous, Macduff would not have called for war, and he would not have murdered him. In Hamlet, if he had not seen the ghost of his father, he would not have know that the reigning king had committed murder to gain the throne.

A LIFETIME COMMITMENT TO PHYSICAL FITNESS :: Essays Papers

A LIFETIME COMMITMENT TO PHYSICAL FITNESSA lifetime commitment to physical explosionness can no longer be considered a luxury. It is indeed a necessity. What could be worse than the sight of a physically bankrupt forty-year-old executive recovering from his first major(ip) heart snipe? With the aid of modern technology and a little hard work, a motivated person can become physically fit and avoid this catastrophe. I firmly believe in the lifetime commitment to physical fitness, and practice it as well. Fitness leave not only wait on you physically, but mentally and financially as well. Most Americans abide by what can be referred to as the law of beauty. If it looks good, it must be good. We need to wipe out this from our minds when dealing with physical fitness. More often than not, the people who get quick results for beauty are the ones who cut corners. Cutting corners can be very knockout from a physical standpoint, and is not what the commitment to physical fitness is abou t. To name a few guilty parties, steroid abusers, anorexics, and bulemics are tops on the list. Although steroids append big muscles quickly, and anorexia and bulimia provide a thin waist promptly, usually the party involved doesnt realize whats at stake. The long-term effects of theses habits are much severe than a body abuser may have ever imagined. Steroids may cause cancer, elephantitis, and internal organ damage. Side effects of anorexia and bulimia accept loss of skin and tooth color, and internal organ damage as well. These paths are taken by those who cut corners and are surely not concerned with a lifetime commitment to anything. The commitment involves a combination of things, that done halally can greatly increase your health. Most importantly, you need to establish a proper diet for yourself. Sadly, most people do everything right but neglect their body nutritionally. The proper diet establishes a strong base for training. Next, you need to deal up a workout routine that entrust combine cardiovascular training with strength and conditioning exercises. Most people avoid this because they feel they will have to put in three hours every day in a hot gym for the rest of their lives. In actuality, a program that provides these types of exercises will only take about 45 minutes every other day. Lastly, you need to motivate yourself to do this. If the sight of you recovering from a heart attack at 40 (because you were lazy) doesnt motivate you, then youre obviously content with where you are and neednt bother reading further.

Modernism And Cinderella :: essays research papers

Research Writing     Though there are many another(prenominal) fairy tales that have been created through the years, Cinderella is into our subconscious by stimulating the part of us that sympathizes with the mistreatment of Cinderella. Others say that the theme of a down-and-out poor girl rising slope up to become rich and happy appeals to any normal person. This theme is the common bond between all the stories. Recently, however, modern versions of the tale have surfaced in an attempt to relate to modern audiences. In the textbook Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum the editors decide to take out a chapter entitled cigarette Tales A Closer Look at Cinderella. This chapter includes the stories, The politically Correct Cinderella, A womens liberationist View, and Americas Cinderella. The changes were made because the content was outdated and not "true" Cinderella stories. In the politically correct version, the author makes a mockery of todays obs ession with correct terminology. Every detail is explained so that no one is offended and pretty much makes a mockery of the story. The Politically Correct Cinderella is merely a satire on the left leaning views that our nation has been taking over the past decade. Excluding this version from the briny stories was a good move by the editors because the politically correct issues that were so important years ago are losing steam today.     The editors of the textbook also ousted the feminist orientated version. This feminist criticism was totally unnecessary because there were two of them. Having Pretty Woman A Modern Cinderella as well as a segment on the feminist voice is totally redundant and unnecessary. Both segments give the reader what they need to know about femininity and its impact on literature. Karol Kelly in her Pretty Woman piece compares the Perrault version with the Pretty Woman story. She explains the changes that have occurred because of the wome ns movement especially the impact on information. We now have a lot more information that has led to societal changes. The feminist criticism that was omitted hit on several feminine issues in the actual variations of the Cinderella story. "The slipper, the central photograph in the story, is a symbol of sexual bondage and imprisonment in a stereotype."The author then explains how this small slipper idea originates from the ancient Chinese act of foot-binding eventually leading to the mutilation of their foot. She hits on many other feminine aspects in the Cinderella stories.

Winston Churchill :: essays research papers

Those eleven burning words summed up the nature of Britains war, turned Britains back on the weaknesses of the past, set her vitrine toward the unknown future. Because of them the rest of that speech has been forgotten. It should not be forgotten, for it is not only a great example of Winston Churchills eloquence, but the epitome of the movement which he leads. by and by a brief report on the formation of his Government, Winston Churchill said "You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air--war with all our superpower and with all the strength God has given us--and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of homosexual crime. That is our policy. "You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs. Victory in spite of all terrors. Victory, however tenacious and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. "Let that be realized. No su rvival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal." December 31, 1940, was not only the end of a year it was the end of a decade--the most terrifying of the 20th Century. The decade which ended in 1920 had seen a war that was to prove inconclusive. It had seen a revolution that was to lie quiescent after establishing itself in the largest country of the world. The decade which ended in 1930 was one of confusion and wasted energy--the wasted energy of gambling and gin-drinking in the U.S., of civil war in the cold East, of misdirected revolutionary effort from the U.S.S.R., of the attempt in Europe to hold resurgent peoples in check. The decade which ended this week saw the failure of that attempt and the unleashing of remorseless war. It saw the Far Easts battle of warlords turn into a war for the supremacy of one people. It saw the U.S. tu rn to a feverish effort to protect itself and its neighbors. It saw, in the Battle of Britain, the life-&-death struggle of the greatest empire the world has ever known. The Candidates of 1940. No artist, no athlete, no scientist, only a man whose place was on the stage of world politics, could be Man of 1940--last and stormiest year of a stormy decade.

Winston Churchill :: essays research papers

Those eleven burning words summed up the nature of Britains war, turned Britains back on the weaknesses of the past, set her face toward the unknown future. Because of them the rest of that tongue has been forgotten. It should not be forgotten, for it is not only a great example of Winston Churchills eloquence, but the epitome of the movement which he leads. After a brief embrace on the formation of his Government, Winston Churchill said "You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air--war with all our might and with all the strength idol has given us--and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. "You ask, what is our aim? I puke answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs. Victory in spite of all terrors. Victory, however long and hard the road whitethorn be, for without victory there is no survival of the fittest. "Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal." December 31, 1940, was not only the end of a year it was the end of a decade--the most terrifying of the twentieth Century. The decade which finish in 1920 had seen a war that was to prove inconclusive. It had seen a revolution that was to lie quiescent after establishing itself in the largest country of the world. The decade which ended in 1930 was one of confusion and wasted energy--the wasted energy of gambling and gin-drinking in the U.S., of civil war in the Far East, of misdirected revolutionary effort from the U.S.S.R., of the set about in Europe to hold resurgent peoples in check. The decade which ended this week saw the failure of that attempt and the unleashing of ruthless war. It saw the Far Easts troth of warlords turn into a war for the supremacy of one people. It saw the U.S. turn to a feverish effort to protect itself and its neighbors. It saw, in the Battle of Britain, the life-&-death throw together of the greatest empire the world has ever known. The Candidates of 1940. No artist, no athlete, no scientist, only a man whose place was on the stage of world politics, could be Man of 1940--last and stormiest year of a stormy decade.

Racism and its Inevitability as Portrayed in Crash Essay

Paul Haggis strike was one of the biggest movie hits of 2004. Wining three Oscars at the 2005 Academy Awards, this film is undeniably written in film history as one of the greatest of this generation. Often described as a movie nearly how lives of different people intertwine through a twist of fate, dissipate is largely close racial tensions perhaps not only in its location of Los Angeles, California but in the consentient of America. The movie features a whole slew of characters who has different racial earths and who act in accordance to the pressures they in relation to their cultural stage settings.Although most of the characters are interesting, I found Detective whole wheat flour amniotic fluid (Don Cheadle) and Officer keister Ryan (Matt Dillon) as the most noteworthy ones. Not only have the actors portraying them delivered powerful performances, they have also shown enough background and at dates defense as to why they act they way they do. As such, the followi ng paragraphs will analyze both characters. Los Angeles, California, the place by which the Crash characters move in, plays a great part in Graham irrigate and John Ryans judgment, tones, and actions.Teeming with people from different races, Los Angeles allows for interaction among people of varying cultures. It sets up room for Graham Waters and John Ryan to practice their racial tendencies. Basically a melting pot if differing cultures, Los Angels is the complete(a) environment by which each character can feel racial superiority or inferiority. Graham Waters and John Ryans smaller environment that of the one set up in a police station is also highly-effective in influencing the characters own(prenominal) biases.In both characters cases, it gave them a reason to feel superior, hence providing the perfect justification for ones preference of leaning (or not leaning) towards people of their own race. Graham Waters is shown as being preoccupied with a case against a white cop w ho shot a black cop. Even with the white cop killing three black men already, Graham Waters even finds it in himself to deliberate on whether the killings are justified or not. The work place that this particular character was given is the best setting to allow him the prodigality of suspending judgment and possibly eliminating preferences over his fellow black people.John Ryan, on the other hand, was put in a position where he thinks it is okay for him to physically abuse a half-African cleaning lady and actually get away with it. His being a police officer magnified the way he performed his racist acts nonchalantly. A closer look at the lives of both characters under scrutiny reveals how much their personal history has affected the way they make judgments. Although of African-American descent, Graham Waters found it in himself to actually try and be forgiving to people of Caucasian heritage.This is because his family is poor and he experienced first hand having a drug-addict for a mother and he witnessed how his younger brother grew up to be a criminal. Growing up in a tumultuous black environment whitethorn have afflicted Graham Waters to not revere people of his own race. It has, in part, allowed him to think of blacks and whites as somehow equal. Yet Graham Waters is not devoid of racist tendencies. He has a partner, the Latin-American Ria (Jennifer Esposito). Despite working in male-dominated world and engaging in a sexual affinity with Graham Waters, Ria is still discriminated by the very man she sleeps with.Graham Waters never pins her country of origin right. And Graham doesnt seem to mind. A perfect exhibit of how Graham can be at measure racist Professor Robin Lackoff of the University of California claims that not caring how someones background is a display of racism (Williams, 2004). The latter part of the film also reveals why John Ryan has been very negative towards people of other races. It is rooted to his paternitys business demise. Shown as deeply concerned regarding his fathers health, one is wont to assume that John Ryan is indeed fond of his father.His actions then manufacture a bit understandable when it is revealed that his fathers business collapsed after local policies favored businesses owned by the minority. As this had grave effect on his familys life, John Ryan naturally harbors anger (perhaps also hate) towards those who caused him and his family discomfort. Yet both characters are thrown into events that eventually lead them to crash abandon their own personal beliefs and act differently from how they normally would.Graham Waters, who was supposed to champion impartiality between blacks and whites, chose to act against the white cop by concealing an evidence that readiness have helped the cop in question. This was done through Jake Flanagan (William Fichtner) using Grahams brother as a bait. By reminding Graham of the possibility of cocks arrest if Graham does not withhold the evidence, Flanaga n is successful in pushing the black cop in acting against her own personal belief that the white cop should be given a fair trial.One of the most dramatic moments of this Haggis film is when John Ryan once again crashed into Christine, by that time he acted a hero and not anymore a villain. Seeing how Christines life was in danger, John Ryan put his life on the straining and saved Christine from a blazing car accident. In a moment of crisis, John Ryan abandoned his prejudice and actually risked his own life to become a hero for someone he used to malign. I believe that both Graham Waters and John Ryan were racists or at least had racist tendencies.John Ryan, most especially, had shown racial discrimination with his constant negative commentaries and actions towards people who are not of Caucasian descent. Graham Waters, on the other hand, may show his racial tendencies in more subtle slipway yet it is still undeniably there. He has shown numerous times that he will choose to hel p someone of the same race over someone who is not black. Personally, I have not experienced any major racial discrimination but I admit to feeling that there is a racial tension hovering around society. I see it everyday and even practice it myself.Racism is seen in ways people choose their friends, in the cliques that are formed in school, and in the comments we make everyday. The media is one of the easy reference points of how racism prevails nowadays. There are times when headlines would shout a persons race when talking about particular crimes. The news may say, A black guy murders a woman or Asian men rob a bank but never (or very, very rarely) will it brandish, White guy kills family or Caucasian steals gold. This may not be personal attacks on me but I take them as large manifestations that racism still does exist.Racism, though, has changed a lot through the years. Thankfully, because of the way the world keeps getting smaller thanks to the Internet and its ability to br ing people from both ends of the world closer racism has been greatly reduced, or so I would like to believe. I say that this is the case because people are getting to know those from other races better, thus eliminating some preconceived notions about a whole race. Of course, there is also this adverse effect because people get to interact with more people, racism is spread to more races.In America, for example, racism before was centered only on the blacks versus whites. Today, though, we see racial discrimination applied against the Chinese, the Filipinos, the Hispanics, and a lot more. Paul Haggis aim in creating Crash was to usher the fact that racism is still very much prevalent in these modern times. He wanted to paint a society that is still very much hinged on their racial biases. Haggis wanted to relate that perhaps this may not be totally eliminated because everybody comes from different cultures and different backgrounds that dictate what and how they think about thems elves and others.Sadly, racism is an inevitable fact of life but it is a fact that we can all strive to keep at a minimum by taking time to understand each others histories.REFERENCESHaggis, Paul. (Director). (2004). Crash Motion picture. United States Bulls Eye Entertainment. Williams, Brandt. (2004, August 08). The n-word. In Minnesota man Radio. Retrieved August 19, 2007, from http//news. minnesota. publicradio. org/features/2004/06/28_williamsb_nword/.

The Fault in Our Stars

Our lives ar a set of structure blocks, and we always yearn to be perceived as skyscrapers. only if not fore reallyone has this capability. People turn over shifts, and sadly, it sewer prolong to the principal where those wrecking balls intervene. And the thing that was once a set of edifice blocks is no more(prenominal). almost pack have it securelyer than others. People live with pubic louse, dementedly diseases that could ruin their lives. The work shift in Our Stars is a story brinyly about the life of a little girl named hazelnut tree who falls in have it score with a person named Augustus.The paradox is, that her and two other main characters in the story, Augustus and Isaac, have to live their lives battling cancer, which litreally controls their common lives. It is about the crusade ( transformations) that comes with dealing with cancer, and how they try to submerge these obstacles. about durations they succeed, and sometimes they do not. John Gree n backupd his novel The Fault In Our Stars be arrange the stars atomic number 18 the building blocks (a persons life), and the fault in those stars is what is keeping those building blocks from get skyscrapers, the wreaking ball (cancer).There are many significant themes without the novel that correlate to the title. The struggles in life with cancer, how spot triumphs through ill fortune, and coping with the shoemakers last of a extol one. These themes not only relate to the title nevertheless they also exemplify what this story is real about. Sets of building blocks that are slowly broken down, to the point where they are destroyed comp permitely subvert the wrecking ball, both literally and mentally. Cancer is something that it very hard to live with, and it generates numerous setbacks in life.The three main characters in this story, Hazel, Augustus, and Isaac live their lives battling cancer. They meet different obstacles every day, and the struggle is dealing with th ose obstacles. Hazel struggles with lung cancer, and every day she walks around with oxygen tank to facilitate her lungs function. oneness time her cancer took a dangerous toll when she woke up in the middle of the night at about four in the morning with an indicatory pain in the center of her brain. She woke her parents and was taken to the ICU. Hazel was knocked out, and they did save her.When she woke up in the morning her parents explained everything that had happened to her. mammy and Dad told me that I did not have a brain tumor, tho that my headache was caused by poor oxygenation, which was caused by my lungs swimming in fluid, a liter and a half( ) of which had been successfully drained from my chest, which was why I might feel a slight discomfort in my side, where on that point was, hey look at that, a tube that went from my chest into a plastic vesica half full of liquid that for all the world resembled my Dads favorite amber ale.My mammy told me that I was departur e home, that I really was, and that I would have to get this drained every now and again and get back on the BiPAP, this shadow machine that forces air in and out of my lungs. (107) Hazels overexertion was very hard on her and the rest of her family. Now she has to get her lungs drained every once in a while and she is also on BiPAP. In my opinion this was more than nevertheless a struggle, this was a nightmare. A nightmare pioneered straight from her cancer, and it is just horrible. Augustus had lived a very rigid life with cancer.At the time that he met Hazel, he was cancer free with an amputated leg. When Augustus and Hazel went to the airport to go on their trip to Amsterdam, Augustus took very pine to get to the plane when he distinguish that he was going to go get food and come back. He told Hazel and her mom that the enclosure at McDonalds was really long but the truth came out when he was sitting on the plane next to Hazel. Listen, sorry I avoided the introduction are a. The McDonalds line wasnt really that long I just. I just didnt insufficiency to sit there with all those pot looking at us or whatever. (145, 146)Here Augustuss struggle with cancer is the looks that hatful would give him, looks that were just too hard to fathom. He didnt want to get those looks. It bothered him. Augustus did not like people looking at him like there was something defective with him. It was just mortifying. Isaac was Augustuss friend that introduced him to Hazel. Isaac and Hazel went to arrest group together. Isaac suffered from eye cancer, and he was going to get a surgery that would eradicate himself of his cancer. The problem was that this surgery would steal his sight.This was a huge obstacle that cancer has set for him and he has to cope with the struggle of loosing his sight. But something even worse happened to Isaac when he told his daughter about the revolutionarys (that he was going to be blind). His girlfriend stopped seeing him and it broke Isa acs heart. She was his true revere and they said they would always be together, but she could not take it anymore. She said she cant process it. Im about to lose my eyesight and she cant handle it. (60) The reason his sight was going to be disdained was to loose his cancer.Meaning that the cancer was the cause of him loosing his sight, initiating the lose of his true love. This was Isaacs huge struggle in life with cancer. Loosing the love of his life. The theme of struggles in life with cancer relates to the title because these struggles from cancer are the faults (struggles) that are in the stars, what is keeping the building blocks from becoming skyscrapers, which is initiated by the wrecking ball (cancer). Cancer is a deadly disease that constructs many problems in life.According to the love that was shared between Hazel and Augustus, no problem or fault would ever desist the love that these two had for each other. Augustus showed hazel that there is more to life than stayin g home and letting cancer eject you. It did not take long for them to fall in love. Together they were unbeatable and they would never let anything plant them down. They both went through rigorous paths, but together, their loved steered themselves out of that hardship, and to safety. When Hazel was taken to the hospital because of her overexertion the nurse informed her about Augustus.Youre not going to ask about your boyfriend? she asked. Dont have one, I told her. Well theres a kid who has hardly left the time lag room since you got here, she said. He hasnt seen me like this, has he? No Family only. (108) Even though it was very hard to see Hazel in that faze of discomfort, Augustus went because he loved her. He did not let hardship terminate his love for hazel. He would not let anything stop him from seeing her. When Augustus Osteosarcoma returned, he went to buy a pack of cigarettes in the middle of the night, and something went wrong with his G-tube. He told Hazel to come and help him fix it.She took off her BiPAP, attached herself to an oxygen tank and went to help him before it was too late. When she saw him Augustus was in the drivers cornerstone of his car covered in his own vomit. Oh, G-d, Augustus, we have to get you to a hospital. I gagged from the smell but bent forward to inspect the place preceding(prenominal) his belly button where theyd surgically installed the tube. The skin of his abdomen was warm and bright red. Gus, I love you. (244-245). Hazel loved Augustus so much that she took off her BiPAP, and left by herself with her oxygen tank to help Augustus in his urgent time of need.She did not let this fault bring down her spirits and she did what ever she could to keep him alive. She saved his life and if she did not go there to help him (and call 911) Augustus would not have made it. Their love triumphs through hardship, that is how powerful their love is. This theme relates to the title because the love is what keeps those stars or building blocks (peoples lives) up and running and they wont let the fault (hardship) get in the way of the love. Love isnt something that can be wished upon, you have to have that click.The click between Hazel and Augustus was so strong that they would not let anything get into the way. At the end of the have got Hazel is forced to cope with the death of her one and only soul mate, Augustus. Hazel was devastated. She loved him so much. At his funeral, she went up to Augustuss coffin to say her last good bye. I love you present tense, I whispered, and then put my hand on the middle of his chest and said, Its okay, Gus. Its okay. It is. Its okay, you hear me? I had-and have-absolutely no confidence that he could here me. I leaned forward and kissed him on the cheek. Okay, I said. Okay. (270)Hazel has been trying very hard not to let it get to her (the pain), and she does not want Augustus to be mad that he died on her. That is why Hazel says its okay, to fire Augustus and make herself know that she can live through this. The theme of coping with the death of a loved one relates to the title of this novel because coping with the death of a loved one is another fault (struggle) that was in the stars that was initiated from death by cancer. Osteosarcoma was the wreaking ball that destroyed Augustuss building blocks and Augustuss press release was the wreaking ball that injured Hazels building blocks.There are many obstacles in life, and we always try to catch them. Some people have it harder than others. Some people are forced to live their lives battling cancer. That is what The Fault in Our Stars is all about, the burden of living life as a different person with new problems everyday. Some days will be mitigate than others, and some days will be worse. Its a never-ending roller coaster. Sure there will be times where it slows down and rides along a straight path but there will always be those times where it goes dissipated and gets bumpy. People live t oday overcoming these endeavors.There are many themes in the novel that correspond with the title. The struggles in life with cancer, how love triumphs through hardship, and coping with the death of a loved one. These themes not only correlate to the title but they also portray the main idea of the story. Our lives are a set of building blocks and if we simulatet learn how to eventually take and overcome the blows from the wrecking ball, we will never have that chance that all of us have always longed for (even for people who are not battling cancer), to not only change state a skyscraper but to be commended as one.The Fault in Our StarsOur lives are a set of building blocks, and we always yearn to be perceived as skyscrapers. But not everyone has this capability. People have faults, and sadly, it can get to the point where those wrecking balls intervene. And the thing that was once a set of building blocks is no more. Some people have it harder than others. People live with cance r, deadly diseases that could ruin their lives. The Fault in Our Stars is a story mainly about the life of a girl named Hazel who falls in love with a person named Augustus.The problem is, that her and two other main characters in the story, Augustus and Isaac, have to live their lives battling cancer, which literally controls their ordinary lives. It is about the struggle (faults) that comes with dealing with cancer, and how they try to overcome these obstacles. Sometimes they succeed, and sometimes they do not. John Green titled his novel The Fault In Our Stars because the stars are the building blocks (a persons life), and the fault in those stars is what is keeping those building blocks from becoming skyscrapers, the wreaking ball (cancer).There are many significant themes throughout the novel that correlate to the title. The struggles in life with cancer, how love triumphs through hardship, and coping with the death of a loved one. These themes not only relate to the title but they also exemplify what this story is really about. Sets of building blocks that are slowly broken down, to the point where they are destroyed completely buy the wrecking ball, both literally and mentally. Cancer is something that it very hard to live with, and it generates numerous setbacks in life.The three main characters in this story, Hazel, Augustus, and Isaac live their lives battling cancer. They meet different obstacles every day, and the struggle is dealing with those obstacles. Hazel struggles with lung cancer, and every day she walks around with oxygen tank to help her lungs function. One time her cancer took a dangerous toll when she woke up in the middle of the night at about four in the morning with an apocalyptic pain in the center of her brain. She woke her parents and was taken to the ICU. Hazel was knocked out, and they did save her.When she woke up in the morning her parents explained everything that had happened to her. Mom and Dad told me that I did not have a brain tumor, but that my headache was caused by poor oxygenation, which was caused by my lungs swimming in fluid, a liter and a half( ) of which had been successfully drained from my chest, which was why I might feel a slight discomfort in my side, where there was, hey look at that, a tube that went from my chest into a plastic bladder half full of liquid that for all the world resembled my Dads favorite amber ale.My mom told me that I was going home, that I really was, and that I would have to get this drained every now and again and get back on the BiPAP, this nighttime machine that forces air in and out of my lungs. (107) Hazels overexertion was very hard on her and the rest of her family. Now she has to get her lungs drained every once in a while and she is also on BiPAP. In my opinion this was more than just a struggle, this was a nightmare. A nightmare pioneered straight from her cancer, and it is just horrible. Augustus had lived a very rigid life with cancer.At the time tha t he met Hazel, he was cancer free with an amputated leg. When Augustus and Hazel went to the airport to go on their trip to Amsterdam, Augustus took very long to get to the plane when he said that he was going to go get food and come back. He told Hazel and her mom that the line at McDonalds was really long but the truth came out when he was sitting on the plane next to Hazel. Listen, sorry I avoided the gate area. The McDonalds line wasnt really that long I just. I just didnt want to sit there with all those people looking at us or whatever. (145, 146)Here Augustuss struggle with cancer is the looks that people would give him, looks that were just too hard to fathom. He didnt want to get those looks. It bothered him. Augustus did not like people looking at him like there was something wrong with him. It was just mortifying. Isaac was Augustuss friend that introduced him to Hazel. Isaac and Hazel went to support group together. Isaac suffered from eye cancer, and he was going to ge t a surgery that would eradicate himself of his cancer. The problem was that this surgery would steal his sight.This was a huge obstacle that cancer has set for him and he has to cope with the struggle of loosing his sight. But something even worse happened to Isaac when he told his girlfriend about the news (that he was going to be blind). His girlfriend stopped seeing him and it broke Isaacs heart. She was his true love and they said they would always be together, but she could not take it anymore. She said she cant handle it. Im about to lose my eyesight and she cant handle it. (60) The reason his sight was going to be disdained was to loose his cancer.Meaning that the cancer was the cause of him loosing his sight, initiating the lose of his true love. This was Isaacs huge struggle in life with cancer. Loosing the love of his life. The theme of struggles in life with cancer relates to the title because these struggles from cancer are the faults (struggles) that are in the stars, what is keeping the building blocks from becoming skyscrapers, which is initiated by the wrecking ball (cancer). Cancer is a deadly disease that constructs many problems in life.According to the love that was shared between Hazel and Augustus, no problem or fault would ever desist the love that these two had for each other. Augustus showed hazel that there is more to life than staying home and letting cancer consume you. It did not take long for them to fall in love. Together they were unbeatable and they would never let anything bring them down. They both went through rigorous paths, but together, their loved steered themselves out of that hardship, and to safety. When Hazel was taken to the hospital because of her overexertion the nurse informed her about Augustus.Youre not going to ask about your boyfriend? she asked. Dont have one, I told her. Well theres a kid who has hardly left the waiting room since you got here, she said. He hasnt seen me like this, has he? No Family onl y. (108) Even though it was very hard to see Hazel in that faze of discomfort, Augustus went because he loved her. He did not let hardship terminate his love for hazel. He would not let anything stop him from seeing her. When Augustus Osteosarcoma returned, he went to buy a pack of cigarettes in the middle of the night, and something went wrong with his G-tube. He told Hazel to come and help him fix it.She took off her BiPAP, attached herself to an oxygen tank and went to help him before it was too late. When she saw him Augustus was in the drivers seat of his car covered in his own vomit. Oh, G-d, Augustus, we have to get you to a hospital. I gagged from the smell but bent forward to inspect the place above his belly button where theyd surgically installed the tube. The skin of his abdomen was warm and bright red. Gus, I love you. (244-245). Hazel loved Augustus so much that she took off her BiPAP, and left by herself with her oxygen tank to help Augustus in his urgent time of ne ed.She did not let this fault bring down her spirits and she did what ever she could to keep him alive. She saved his life and if she did not go there to help him (and call 911) Augustus would not have made it. Their love triumphs through hardship, that is how powerful their love is. This theme relates to the title because the love is what keeps those stars or building blocks (peoples lives) up and running and they wont let the fault (hardship) get in the way of the love. Love isnt something that can be wished upon, you have to have that click.The click between Hazel and Augustus was so strong that they would not let anything get into the way. At the end of the book Hazel is forced to cope with the death of her one and only soul mate, Augustus. Hazel was devastated. She loved him so much. At his funeral, she went up to Augustuss coffin to say her last good bye. I love you present tense, I whispered, and then put my hand on the middle of his chest and said, Its okay, Gus. Its okay. I t is. Its okay, you hear me? I had-and have-absolutely no confidence that he could here me. I leaned forward and kissed him on the cheek. Okay, I said. Okay. (270)Hazel has been trying very hard not to let it get to her (the pain), and she does not want Augustus to be mad that he died on her. That is why Hazel says its okay, to apprise Augustus and make herself know that she can live through this. The theme of coping with the death of a loved one relates to the title of this novel because coping with the death of a loved one is another fault (struggle) that was in the stars that was initiated from death by cancer. Osteosarcoma was the wreaking ball that destroyed Augustuss building blocks and Augustuss passing was the wreaking ball that injured Hazels building blocks.There are many obstacles in life, and we always try to overcome them. Some people have it harder than others. Some people are forced to live their lives battling cancer. That is what The Fault in Our Stars is all about , the burden of living life as a different person with new problems everyday. Some days will be better than others, and some days will be worse. Its a never-ending roller coaster. Sure there will be times where it slows down and rides along a straight path but there will always be those times where it goes fast and gets bumpy. People live today overcoming these endeavors.There are many themes in the novel that correspond with the title. The struggles in life with cancer, how love triumphs through hardship, and coping with the death of a loved one. These themes not only correlate to the title but they also portray the main idea of the story. Our lives are a set of building blocks and if we dont learn how to eventually take and overcome the blows from the wrecking ball, we will never have that chance that all of us have always longed for (even for people who are not battling cancer), to not only become a skyscraper but to be commended as one.

Ptlls Equality and Diversity.

Throughout this essay I will look at and discuss the issues of equality and diversity. I will too look at ways to promote inclusion with the apprentice, and how to meet their needs I will provide evidence and give examples of this. Each of your learners is an individual who should be treated as an equal and with respect Wilson, L. (2008. pg. 27) As a lecturer it is essential to show equality in the learning milieu. A lecturer moldiness always treat all learners equally and try not to show favouritism.All learners should treat each other with professional courtesy and respect payable to learners themselves needing to feel safe in the environment and feel like they too are being treated with respect. Also, both learners from different backgrounds and with different personalities need to be accepted within the learning environment. It is also important that when displaying any posters or using any learning materials that you do not stereotype people and that it is unfreeze from ina ppropriate use of language that may cause offence .For example you would avoid using words like manpower or blackboard as this may offend a learner of certain race or gender in the class. Teachers must know how to treat individual children and there is gravid skill and subtlety in knowing when to confront or when to ignore certain behaviour. Cullingford, C. (1995. Pg. 109) Diversity is to know and value the differences between individuals and ensuring they are not being excluded and participating within the classroom. You are then including e veryone this will then show good practice of inclusion.For example if you have a learner with specific educational needs to help the inclusion of that learner, a use of an LSA to help support that learner may be appropriate. The lecturer must have a positive attitude and have willing staff to be activity involved with the learners. As a lecturer you should set targets that suit the individual learners needs. Also, the learner should have a ke y person with who they can go to, for extra support. The lessons must be also be planned with tractability to allow for all different types of learners you may have. As a lecturer you must meet the potential needs of your learner.For example, if you have a learner in a wheelchair then you need to adapt your lesson to suit. You could do this by ensuring that the learning environment has been customized to facilitate the needs of that learner for example, a lower-ground classroom could be used. To summarise, it is very important that the lecturer and the learners treat each other equally and with respect. The lecturer must understand the individuals needs and accommodate the learning environment to suit them in a way to promote inclusion. Therefore, all learners should be included and have the additional support when needed.

Orang Asli Customary Law Essay

Orang Asli is a Malay term for primals. Traditionally, natives make decisions and bury disputes by achieving consensus through processes like negotiation and consultation. These usual practices had become adat (customs) that governed indigenous communities in Sabah and Sarawak for generations, existed only in oral form. In Sabah, efforts were made to codify adat save all these attempts fell short of having these customs codified and made legally binding. Instead, they remained merely as guides to native chiefs and court officials.Among all, only the efforts of George Cathcart Woolley (Commissioner of Lands, mating Borneo Company) harbor successfully printed the compiled customs as codes. These codes were published by government printing office in 1953 and reprinted in 1962 as Native Affairs Bulletins No. 1 to 7. The 7 Natives Affairs Bulletins published by the North Borneo Company, 1936 1939 1. The Timoguns A Murut Tribe of the Interior, North Borneo Native Affairs Bulletin No. 1, Sandakan Government print Office, 1936 (Reprinted by the North Borneo Government Printing Office, 1962.32 p). 2. Tuaran Adat Some Customs of the Dusun, North Borneo, Native Affairs Bulletin No. 2, Sandakan Government Printing Office, 1937. (Reprinted by the North Borneo Government Printing Office, 1953). 3. Murut Adat Customs Regulating inheritance amongst the Nabai Tribe of Keningau and the Timogun Tribe of Tenom, Native Affairs Bulletin No. 3, Sandakan Government Printing Office, 1939, 27 p. 4. Dusun Adat Customs Regulating Inheritance amongst the Dusun Tribes in the Coastal Plains of Putatan and Papar, Native Affairs Bulletin No.Below are distinct types of compensation for injuries stated in this Rule Types of compensation variation 1. Babas any customary conciliatory gift to an aggrieved party designed to preserve the bonds of friendship. 2. Denda Malu a customary compensation in respect of any breach of native customary law which exposes the aggrieved party to the possib ility of disgrace before the relatives or community to whom or which such aggrieved party belongs. 3. Kepanasan kampung a customary fine in respect of an offence against the general virtues and dignity of a village. 4. SogitCustomary haematic penalty. All these compensation for injuries comes in the form of fine, adat fine and restorative justness. Restorative justice is an approach to justicethat focuses on the needs of the victims and the offenders, as well as the involved community, instead of satisfying abstract legal principles or punishing the offender. Usually, the offenders have to compensate the aggrieved party with livestock or other things of equivalent value in accordance with adat fine. Mr AnthonyJohn NoelRichards must be mentioned in the codification of Dayak customary laws in Sarawak.After graduating from college, he entered the Sarawak civil service as aBrookecadet officerin September1938. His first posting was to theSecretariatwhere he worked under Mr Andrew MacPhe rson, then Secretary for Native Affairs. Here, he rapidly gainedfluencyin both Iban and Malay. In the year 1961, he published Dayak Adat Law in the Second Division (in Iban and English, 1963, Kuching Government Printer), and Dayak Adat Law in the First Division-Bidayuh (in English, 1964, Kuching Government Printer). In Sarawak, the Sea-Dayaks (Iban) are the largest indigenous group.They are animists who believe in various deities. Legends feel out that these deities gave the Sea-Dayaks ancestors natural law which has become the customary law. These customary laws became the basis on settling disputes and cases. The very first codification of Sea-Dayak law has started with Mr A. B. Ward in the year 1907. He was the Resident of the Second Division at Simanggang. His code was successfully published in Sarawak Museum Journal. A conference took place in the Third Division, year 1932 to record these customary laws.

Psychological factors

Games Psychological factors Prepared by Mohamed Diab Computer backs are popular beca pulmonary tuberculosis they affect us emotionally, in a similar vogue to films and music. Just as a horror movie stupefys you feel scared, a survival horror computer game can terrify you too. In some ways the game makes it feel more real because you are controlling the character, so what happens to the character can feel like it is happening to you. Games designers use the psychological factors to emend their games and make the experience of playing them more memorable.It can be one actually simply and subtly, or it can be done in a very obvious way, depending on the needs of the game. Use of Sound Sound can make you feel lots of divergent things it can make you feel happy, sad, scared, brave. in that location isnt a single human emotion that hasnt been represented in music or sound effects at some point in our history. Games designers use this to their advantage and there will be an audio d esigner whose role is to pick the sound effects and musical scores that are used end-to-end a game. gamy-pitched, fast-paced music or sound effects tend to make you feel more excited and as if you are in the put of the ction.Platform games and racing games use these features to add to the games excitement and pace. Page 2 of 10 Horror games use string instruments such as violins and the sound of creaking level boards to make people feel tense in the same way that a horror movie does. High Score Listings anyone except the computer. Even multiplayer games were unremarkably limited to two people. Single-player games today are often driven by the storyline and the player will continue playing to the end in lodge to find out what happens. In more basic games, however, this is not the case.The steep score table or list becomes the otivation to play again and again. If you feel compelled to improve your high score then you will keep on playing the game until you succeed and this mea ns that you will get more game-play for your money. A high score list is an alternative to the storyline as a motivator for playing a game repeatedly. Some recent games, especially sports games and casual games, inactive include high score lists and you often have the option to publish your score on line through the game so that you can comparison yours to those of people across the world.In many FPS (first person shooter) games that ave online multiplayer settings, you can have a world ranking which shows you how well you are doing in a similar way to a high score list. Page 3 of 10 Competitive Games Competition with others is a driving factor that makes people try to improve their skills and abilities. High score lists will encourage you to compete against yourself, but competitive games where you play against other people will make you even more motivated to improve. throughout our history there are examples of people competing against each other in order to prove that they are the best at something.The most wellknown example is he Olympic Games, where people come together from every country in the world to compete, and the event generates a lot of international bestwill and excitement. Inevitably there are occasions when people become over-competitive and the desire to win becomes a negative rather than positive motivation. On the whole, however, competition teaches people to be good losers, to push themselves and to analyse their skills and formulate plans to improve those skills.These are all positive attributes that make an individual successful in the world of work and are undeniably associated with being successful at computer games. Page 4 of 10 Since online multiplayer games have become mainstream, people have enjoyed playing a range of different games against friends or strangers. Some of the consoles that are aimed at younger children, such as the Nintendo Wii or DS, restrict online play to those who are known to the player in everyday life ra ther than introducing them to people through the game that they have never met face to face.

Impact of the Internet in Our Life

Available online at www. sciencedirect. com Computers in Human Behavior Computers in Human Behavior 24 (2008) 20052013 www. elsevier. com/locate/comphumbeh Impact of the net profit on our lives Male and feminine personal perspectives Ann Colley *, John Maltby School of Psychology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK Available online 30 October 2007 Abstract grammatical grammatical sex activity di? erences in net access and usage withdraw been make up in a subroutine of previous investigations. The study reported here(predicate) extends this work by providing an analysis of the impact of the meshing on work forces and wo handss lives.A content analysis of 200 postings from men and 200 from women, on the topic of Has the profits changed your life invited by a brand-news web order, was undertaken then examined for sexual urge di? erences. Results showed to a great extent womens postings mentioned having made new friends or having met their get aroundner, renewing previous(a) friendships, accessing info and advice, studying online, and shopping and booking propel online, while more mens postings mentioned that the meshing had helped or given them a cargoner, positive socio-political e? ects, and negative aspects of the engine room.The solvings are interpreted as supporting the view that the net represents an extension of broader social roles and interests in the o? ine world. O 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords Internet sex activity sexual urge roles Gender di? erences 1. Introduction The Internet is my job, my high street, my supermarket and my international social playground (Female participant 63). Usage of the Internet continues to increase worldwide. In the UK 57% of ho characterh obsoletes outright squander access, in comparison to 46% four years ago (National Statistics, 2006).The * Corresponding author. Tel. +44 (0) 116 229 7188 fax +44 (0) 116 229 7196. E-mail add ress emailprotected ac. uk (A. Colley). 0747-5632/$ see social movement matter O 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi10. 1016/j. chb. 2007. 09. 002 2006 A. Colley, J. Maltby / Computers in Human Behavior 24 (2008) 20052013 digital in store(predicate) Project in the US has found that 78. 6% of Ameri backsides went online in 2005, with an accompanying increase in the amount of time spent per week on the Internet (Centre for the Digital Future, 2005).A number of factors have been found to extend to to access and custom, including socioeconomic variables, demographic variables, and education (e. g. Bimber, 2000 Wasserman & Richmond-Abbott, 2005). One signi? cant area of explore over the last decade has investigated the impact of the Internet upon di? erent social groups and needs work on grammatical gender di? erences has been at the forefront, with concerns somewhat the presence and impact of a gender chess opening in Internet access and usage. A number of investigators (e. g. Sherman et al. , 2000) have investigated this gender gap in Internet aim.Bimber (2000) found gaps in some(prenominal)(prenominal) access and handling among US adults, and concluded that, while access di? erences can be accounted for by socioeconomic and other factors that a? ect women and men di? erenti onlyy, the gap in use was due at least in part to gender-speci? c factors such as the male stereotype of information processing systems, cultural associations surrounded by gender and technology and gendered cognitive and call down preferences. However, there is growing evidence that the gender gap in access is closing or has closed with more women coming online, and that the gap in use of the Internet is still present merely whitethorn also be closing (e. . Cummings & Kraut, 2002 Ono & Zavodny, 2003 Wasserman & Richmond-Abbott, 2005). There continues to be a gender gap in usage in the UK the latest ? gures from adults in a nationally representative sample of UK hous eholds show that 40% of women had never used the Internet in comparison with 30% of men, and 55% of women had used the Internet within the 3 months prior to the visual sense in comparison with 65% of men (National Statistics, 2006). In addition, there are further gaps in the frequency and reputation of use that appear to remain (Odell, Korgen, Schumacher, &Delucchi, 2000 Ono & Zavodny, 2003 Wasserman & Richmond-Abbott, 2005). One of the issues that was highlighted early on in investigations of the gender gap, concerns the negative e? ect of the link between the Internet and calculator technology. This area grew from work on gender di? erences in computer attitudes and use more generally, which showed more negative computer attitudes (Durndell & Thomson, 1997 Whitley, 1997), lower female self-con? dence and higher computer anxiety among females (McIlroy, Bunting, Tierney, & Gordon, 2001 Todman, 2000).The possibility raised in the literature was that girls and women were being disc ouraged from utilize the Internet because of its delivery via a computer interface, and because of the association of the kinds of operations involve to interact with it with traditional masculine technology. Indeed, computer attitudes and Internet attitudes have been found to be linked (Liaw, 2002 Schumacher & Morahan-Martin, 2001), and experience using the Internet has been found to predict both (Liaw, 2002). Durndell and Haag (2002) found higher computer self-e? acy, more positive Internet attitudes, longer Internet use and lower computer anxiety among male than female students, and gender was independently linked to Internet experience. Similarly, Joiner et al. (2005) found that a signi? cant relationship between gender and use of the Internet remained, after controlling for Internet identi? cation and Internet anxiety. This may be due to a number of other factors, and Joiner et al. suggest that self-e? cacy and expectancy of success may be fruitful areas to pursue. In additio n, it seems that there are di? erential e? cts of experience upon anxiety in using the technology among men and women Broos (2005) found that experience decreased anxiety among men but had little e? ect for women. Alongside investigations of the gender gap in use of the Internet, there is a growing body of research on di? erences in the use of the Internet for di? erent functions by males A. Colley, J. Maltby / Computers in Human Behavior 24 (2008) 20052013 2007 and females. This is a crucial area to pursue in order to understand the gender gap, since amount of use is inextricably linked to the functions erformed and the bene? ts of them for an individual. The number of potential functions of the Internet is very substantial and the activities are diverse. The current top Internet activities in the US are electronic mail (top), general sur? ng, access to news, shopping, reading entertainment news, ? nding information about hobbies, online banking, accessing medical information, ins tant messaging and accessing information about and booking travel (Center for the Digital Future, 2005).The available evidence points to variations in exploiting these functions of the Internet by its male and female users women are more credibly to regard it as a tool or means to an end, while men regard it as technology to play with and master (Singh, 2001 Turkle, 1984). For example, Tsai and Lin (2004) found gender di? erences in perceptions of the Internet among adolescents males perceived its use as a source of enjoyment or toy, while females took a more practical approach and perceived it as a tool, technology or tour (providing the ability to navigate around di? rent sites and people). One area of Internet use that has attracted attention among investigators is interpersonal communication. This is due to the association of functions facilitated by electronic communication with the expressive and communal aspects of femininity, such as the potential for use in self-expression and the facility to communicate readily with family and friends. Thus, it was expected that women might select with the Internet for such purposes, despite having lower self-e? cacy in relation to computer use.Jackson, Ervin, Gardner and Schmidt (2001) predicted that women would use e-mail more and men use the Web for information more, found on the greater interpersonal orientation of women and greater caper orientation of men. This prediction was supported in a large sample of Anglo-American undergraduates, counterbalance after computer self-e? cacy, loneliness and depression were controlled for. Wasserman and Richmond-Abbott (2005) found that women use e-mail slightly but not signi? cantly more than men but that men use confer rooms more. A similar ? nding was obtained by Sherman et al. 2000) who found higher participation in chat groups among men, but higher e-mail use among women, and these di? erences remained among successive cohorts of students in the late 1990s, despit e generally higher use of the Internet. Womens preference for e-mail and mens for chat rooms re? ects the di? erent purposes of the two types of communication e-mail facilitates personal contact with friends and family, while chat rooms can be anonymous and provide an arena for the display of causality di? erentials present in society more generally (Wasserman & Richmond-Abbott, 2005). There are some null ? dings with respect to gender di? erences in e-mail use (e. g. Joiner et al. , 2005 Schumacher & Morahan-Martin, 2001), but methodological di? erences between studies may account for such disparities. With respect to other uses of the Internet, there is evidence that some of these too are gendered. Men are more likely to use game web sites (Joiner et al. , 2005 Sherman et al. , 2000 Weiser, 2000), download material (Joiner et al. , 2005 Teo & Lim, 2000), browsing or seek specialist information (Jackson et al. , 2001 Joiner et al. , 2005 Teo & Lim, 2000 Weiser, 2000). These ? ding s provide additional support for the notion that mens use of the Internet is more task-oriented than womens, and the tendency for women to use e-mail more accords with their greater interpersonal orientation (Jackson et al. , 2001). They also support the male toy versus female tool distinction (Tsai & Lin, 2004). The research literature on gender and the Internet suggests that gender stereotypes play a powerful role in this as in other areas of human activity. Sherman et al. (2000) concluded 2008 A. Colley, J. Maltby / Computers in Human Behavior 24 (2008) 20052013 hat we need to appreciate that online behaviors and attitudes are extensions of o? ine social processes and relationships (p. 893). If that is the case, what impact has the Internet had on the everyday lives of the men and women who use it? With respect to women, Morahan-Martin (2000) concluded that it has brought both promise and peril. The perils are an inevi evade consequence of the features that empower disengagedom of expression and free access to information, since these also permit the ampli? cation of behaviors and perspectives that support the gendered power di? rential. What has been its impact upon men? Is the Internet just another arena in which gender is performed? The empirical research reviewed here has focused upon usage and patterns of usage, rather than impact from the point of view of the user. The purpose of the data analysis reported here is to provide a visualize of the impact of the Internet on the everyday lives of men and women. 2. Method 2. 1. Participants and data collection On 24th July 2006, the BBC News website posted a topic for treatment on its Have Your Say discussion section (http//news. bbc. co. k/1/hi/talking_point/default. stm), with the title Has the Internet changed your life? . The invitation issued to prospective contributors was to post personal stories about life in the digital age and how the Internet has changed their lives. The majority of contributo rs to this site used names rather than pseudonyms. There were substantially more postings from men, but the site was monitored until there were 200 postings from female contributors, then these together, with 200 postings randomly selected from among the male contributors were downloaded for analysis.The sample came from approximately 1200 postings during the period 24th July and 4th August. Selection for analysis was moreover undertaken if the name of the contributor was unambiguously male or female. The majority of the postings (92%) gave the town or country of origin, with 48% of the total postings being from the UK, 25% from the US and Canada, 7% from mainland Europe, and the remainder from the rest of the World. 2. 2. Data label A content analysis was undertaken to derive category frequencies for analysis.Coding was undertaken based upon content categories derived both from the existing literature and from a sample of the postings. These categories were 1. Easy and cheap cont act with family and friends (through e-mail, instant messaging etc. ) 2. Made new friends (through chat room, discussion forum, etc. ) 3. Renewed contact with old friends/family 4. Met supply/spouse (through chat rooms, dating sites etc. ) 5. International news sites 6. General information acquisition/research 7. Therapeutic/medical advice 8.Support for those with access/mobility problems 9. sport (music, radio, movies, games, hobbies) 10. Travel booking A. Colley, J. Maltby / Computers in Human Behavior 24 (2008) 20052013 2009 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Online education Trading Banking Shopping caper enhancement (increased e? ciency/? exibility) Job hunting assist career path Job in industry Studying online Socio-political e? ects (global access to information, democratization of information, bringing humanity together) 21. Negative e? cts (pornography, phishing, spam, viruses, bad use of time, addiction, reduction of face-to-face contact, availability of illegal i tems, proliferation of uncensored information, etc. ) Reliability of coding was established in a 20% sample from the postings. Across all categories this yielded substantial agreement (Cohens Kappa = 0. 78), with no individual categories yielding ? gures below the substantial range (Landis & Koch, 1977). Gender di? erences were then examined using v2 tests. 3. Results Gender di? erences were found in the frequency with which a number of the categories were present in the postings (see Table 1).Chi square tests revealed that a higher proportion Table 1 Frequency of appearance of coding categories by gender Category Contact with family and friends Made new friends Renewed contact with old friends/family Met partner/spouse International news sites General information acquisition/research Therapeutic/medical advice Support for access/mobility problems Entertainment Travel booking Online education Trading Banking Shopping Job enhancement Job hunting Assisted career path Job in industry S ocio-political e? ects Negative e? ects * ** % Men 25. 0 10. 0 4. 0 8. 5 9. 5 25. 5 2. 5 4. 0 12. 5 1. 5 2. 0 3. 0 6. 12. 5 6. 0 1. 5 12. 0 12. 0 12. 5 31. 0 % Women 30. 5 20. 5 20. 0 22. 5 19. 5 36. 0 7. 0 5. 0 10. 0 6. 0 6. 5 7. 0 7. 0 20. 5 7. 5 3. 5 4. 0 6. 0 5. 0 21. 0 v2 (1) n. s. 8. 53** 5. 50* 14. 97** 8. 07** 5. 18* 4. 48* n. s. n. s. 5. 60* 4. 98* n. s. n. s. 4. 63* n. s. n. s. 8. 70** 4. 40* 7. 05** 5. 20* p . 05. p . 01. 2010 A. Colley, J. Maltby / Computers in Human Behavior 24 (2008) 20052013 of womens postings mentioned having made new friends, having renewed contact with old friends or family members, having met their partner or spouse online, access to international news sites, being able to ? d information easily, accessing medical or therapeutic advice, studying online, booking travel online and shopping online. A higher proportion of mens posting mentioned that the Internet had played a role in their career path, that they had found practice session in the ind ustry, positive socio-political e? ects and negative aspects of the Internet. 4. Discussion The ? ndings from this study extend those of existing research on Internet usage by providing information on what men and women perceive as important to them. In some cases the ? ndings accord with the usage data, while in others they do not.With respect to interpersonal communication, our ? ndings show no di? erence in the frequency with which Internet-assisted contact with friends and family was cited as being an aspect of the Internet which had changed the lives of men and women. It is worth noting however, this was the second most frequent category occurring in postings from both sexes. Studies of usage have produced a range of results on gender di? erences in the use of e-mail, although on balance the ? ndings have suggested slightly more or signi? cantly more use by women (e. g. Sherman et al. , 2000 Wasserman & Richmond-Abbott, 2005). Our ? dings suggest that the impact upon mens and w omens lives may be similar, although of course there may be di? erences in the personal manner in which men and women enact relationships electronically (Boneva, Kraut, & Frohlich, 2001). Di? erential impact is bare in womens higher frequency of mention of using Internet sites to make new friends, meet partners and renew old acquaintances, supporting the notion that womens interpersonal orientation will in? uence their Internet behavior (Jackson et al. , 2001). This ? nding is of interest in the scope of mens greater usage of chat room sites found by Sherman et al. 2000) and Wasserman and Richmond-Abbott (2005), although our content category was not speci? c to chat rooms alone. It is all the same possible that men and women use such sites for different purposes and gain di? erent kinds or rewards from them our data suggest that women place greater value on the facility to detonate their social networks, whereas it is possible that mens motives may be more mixed. Wasserman and Richmond-Abbotts suggestion that men may be more likely to use them to play interpersonal games and display power may be relevant here, and accords with ? dings that men are more likely to be dishonest in chat room interactions (Whitty & Gavin, 2001) and lie about their sex, education, income and occupation (Whitty, 2002). There is a growing literature on the nature of online relationships and the characteristics of those who participate in them (e. g. Cheng, Chan, & Tong, 2006 McCown, Fischer, Page, & Homant, 2001) and it would be pro? table to examine gender di? erences in motivation to engage in interpersonal behaviors on the Internet in more detail. The most frequently cited positive e? ct overall was the ability to access general information on the Internet, although it was present in a higher proportion of womens than men postings. This result contrasts with the usage ? ndings (Jackson et al. , 2001 Joiner et al. , 2005 Teo & Lim, 2000 Weiser, 2000), but supports the notion of womens more practical approach and stronger perception of the Internet as a tour (Tsai & Lin, 2004), which may also apologise their more frequent mention of news sites. The womens more practical approach is also evident in their higher frequency of mention of accessing A. Colley, J. Maltby / Computers in Human Behavior 24 (2008) 20052013 011 online education, therapeutic advice, booking travel and shopping. However, gender differences were not present in other practical uses such as trading, banking and accessing sources of entertainment. In order to explain the pattern of ? ndings, it is necessary to take into account the broader context of gender di? erences in social role demands and accompanying gender-related traits (e. g. Eagly, 1987 Eagly, Wood, & Diekman, 2000), in which the domestic vs. impertinent distinction di? erentiates the focus and interests of women and men. Our data suggest that this distinction may underpin the impact of the Internet on men and women.The Intern et in? uences womens lives more than mens in facilitating new interpersonal interactions, providing access to information from the domestic sphere, and facilitating the purchase of goods, and in? uences mens lives more than womens by providing employment or assisting career development. In addition there was greater evidence in the postings from men of sense of the global impact of the technology, for example, Never have so many people been empowered to make a real di? erence and get their message heard, (male participant 159).This external awareness is also evident in mens more frequent mention of the negative impacts, A disadvantage is the anonymity. . .. idiots can spread their madness, insult others etc. all without vexation of being uncovered. A 60-year-old suddenly becomes an 18-year-old and vice-versa, (male participant 108). The gender di? erence in relation to negative impacts, however, raises several further possibilities. One may be that womens greater interpersonal ori entation simply results in a tendency to emphasize the good rather than the bad in responding to the discussion issue on the site.Alternatively, womens more domestic focus may make them less concerned about the broader context and in particular the perils of the Internet in relation to power and exploitation (Morahan-Martin, 2000), so ironically, one outcome of the tendency of the Internet to re? ect traditional gender divisions may be to reduce womens awareness that this is the case. There are some limitations associated with using this kind of methodology which are shared with studies of computer-mediated communication in discussion lists (e. g.Herring, 1993), and which relate to the lack of information on the sample. For example, no data on age is available and this may be a relevant variable in relation to impact, since younger users will have grown up with the Internet, while older users will have adapted to its use. However, there is no reason to assume that their distribution s among the males and females in the sample should vary and confine a systematic bias. There is no information available on experience, which may show a gender di? erence since womens widespread use of the Internet has been more recent than that of men.Whether or how length of experience might in? uence perceptions of the impact of the Internet cannot therefore be answered here but would be a suitable topic for further investigation. Finally, the sample is drawn from those who visit a news website rather than users of the Internet in general so could be regarded as representing a part of the population with a particular pro? le of interests. However, news websites are visited by a signi? cant proportion of the population this was the terce largest use of the Internet in a US survey for 2005 (Centre for the DigitalFuture, 2005) and 35% of a recent sample of UK citizens had accessed on-line news in the last triple months (National Statistics, 2006). One signi? cant advantage of usi ng this kind of data is that the areas appearing in the sample of postings are those that spontaneously occur to those submitting them, without prompting from an investigator. Consideration of the advantages and limitations of using the postings as data raises a further gender di? erence, which relates to the acquisition of the quota sample used. There were very substantially more postings on the site from men than women, even when ambiguous 012 A. Colley, J. Maltby / Computers in Human Behavior 24 (2008) 20052013 names were discounted. While this may partly re? ect a residual gender gap in access, it also provides a clear illustration of the di? erent uses of the Internet by men and women, which are attributable to socio-cultural factors and therefore likely to remain (Wasserman & Richmond-Abbott, 2005). Interestingly, Fuller (2004) found that use of the Internet by men and women in the US for political activities, such as accessing information was broadly equal but that women were less likely to post to a political discussion group.It seems, therefore, that it is the opportunity to engage in an anonymous form of interpersonal interaction in which knowledge and power may be displayed (Wasserman & Richmond-Abbott, 2005) that attracts more male postings to sites like the one studied here. The analysis of this sample of postings has produced a picture of what men and women who use the Internet regard as the areas with major impact on their lives. Our content analysis produced a number of gender di? erences which show that the perceived impact of the Internet broadly re? cts the concerns and motivations associated with mens and womens gendered social roles. McGert (2000) argued that viewing online behavior as separate from o? ine behavior produces an unhelpful dichotomy, and in order to understand the impact of Internet technology it is necessary to situate it within the gendered practices that impact on peoples everyday lives. Our data support that view and the conclusion of Sherman et al. (2000) that gender di? erences in online behavior will continue for as long as they exist more generally. References Bimber, B. (2000).Measuring the gender gap on the Internet. Social Science Quarterly, 81, 868876. Boneva, B. , Kraut, R. , & Frohlich, D. (2001). Using e-mail for personal relationships. The di? erence gender makes. American Behavioral Scientist, 45, 530549. Broos, A. (2005). Gender and information and communication technologies (ICT) anxiety Male self-assurance and female hesitation. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 8, 2131. Center for the Digital Future (2005). 2005 Digital Future Report. Los Angeles USC Annenberg School. Cheng, G. H. L. , Chan, D. K. S. , & Tong, P. Y. (2006).Qualities of online friendships with di? erent gender compositions and durations. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 9, 1421. Cummings, J. N. , & Kraut, R. (2002). Domesticating computers and the Internet. Information Society, 18, 221231. Durndell, A. , & Haag, Z. (2002). Comp uter self-e? cacy, computer anxiety, attitudes towards the Internet and reported experience with the Internet, by gender, in an East European sample. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 521535. Durndell, A. , & Thomson, K. (1997). Gender and computation a decade of change? Computers and Education, 28, 19.Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex di? erences in social behavior A social role interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ Erlbaum. Eagly, A. H. , Wood, W. , & Diekman, A. B. (2000). Social role theory of sex di? erences and similarities A current appraisal. In T. Eckes & H. M. Taunter (Eds. ), The developmental social psychology of gender (pp. 123174). Mahwah, NJ Erlbaum. Fuller, J. E. (2004). Equality in cyberdemocracy? Guaging gender gaps in on-line civic participation. Social Science Quarterly, 85, 938957. Herring, S. C. (1993). Gender and democracy in computer-mediated communication.Electronic Journal of Communication 3, http//ella. slis. indiana. edu/herring/ejc. txt/. Jackson, L. A. , Ervin, K. S. , G ardner, P. D. , & Schmitt, N. (2001). Gender and the Internet Women communicating and men searching. Sex Roles, 44, 363379. Joiner, R. , Gavin, J. , Du? eld, J. , Brosnan, M. , Crook, C. , Durndell, A. , et al. (2005). Gender, Internet identi? cation, and Internet anxiety Correlates of Internet use. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 8, 371378. Landis, J. , & Koch, G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159174. A. Colley, J.Maltby / Computers in Human Behavior 24 (2008) 20052013 2013 Liaw, S. -S. (2002). An Internet survey for perceptions of computers and the World Wide Web Relationship, prediction and di? erence. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 1735. McCown, J. A. , Fischer, D. , Page, R. , & Homant, M. (2001). Internet relationships People who meet people. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 4, 593596. McIlroy, D. , Bunting, B. , Tierney, K. , & Gordon, M. (2001). The relation of gender and background experience to self-reported computing anxiety and cognitions. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 2133. McGert, L. -J. (2000). Nobody lives only in cyberspace Gendered subjectivities and domestic use of the Internet. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 3, 895899. Morahan-Martin, J. (2000). Women and the Internet Promise and perils. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 3, 683691. National Statistics (2006). Internet access. Households and Individuals. capital of the United Kingdom National Statistics. Odell, P. M. , Korgen, K. O. , Schumacher, P. , & Delucchi, M. (2000). Internet use among female and male college students. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 3, 855862. Ono, H. , & Zavodny, M. (2003). Gender and the Internet. Social Science Quarterly, 84, 111121.Schumacher, P. , & Morahan-Martin, J. (2001). Gender, Internet and computer attitudes and experiences. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 95110. Sherman, R. C. , End, C. , Kraan, E. , Cole, A. , Campbell, J. , Birchmeier, Z. , et al. (2000). The Internet gender gap among college students Forgotten but not gone? Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 3, 885894. Singh, S. (2001). Gender and the use of the Internet at home. New Media and Society, 3, 395415. Teo, T. S. H. , & Lim, V. K. G. (2000). Gender di? erences in internet usage and task preferences. Behavior and Information Technology, 19, 283295.Todman, J. (2000). Gender di? erences in computer anxiety among university entrants since 1992. Computers and Education, 34, 2735. Tsai, C. -C. , & Lin, C. -C. (2004). Taiwanese adolescents perceptions and attitudes regarding the Internet Exploring gender di? erences. Adolescence, 39, 725734. Turkle, S. (1984). The second self Computers and the human spirit. New York Simon & Shuster. Wasserman, I. M. , & Richmond-Abbott, M. (2005). Gender and the Internet Causes of variation in access, level, and scope of use. Social Science Quarterly, 86, 252270. Weiser, E. B. (2000). Gender di? rences in Internet use patterns and Internet application preferences A twosample comparison. Cyberpsychology & Behavi or, 3, 167177. Whitley, B. E. Jr. , (1997). Gender di? erences in computer-related attitudes and behaviour A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 13, 122. Whitty, M. T. (2002). Liar, Liar An examination of how open, supportive and honest people are in chat rooms. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 343352. Whitty, M. , & Gavin, J. (2001). Age/sex/location Uncovering the social cues in the development of online relationships. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 4, 623630.

Career Change

According to Moody and None (2005), calling Is a gambol that has been chosen to be accomplished during ones beting life. C atomic number 18er Is the travel along up and follow throughs of the persons occupations or sequence of furrows held by someone through break a life metre which Is until that person end up the races. Most of the situations, bring do not famish referring to one position only but often looking for another Jobs which composed of the lines held, titles passed and work accomplished over a long menstruation of time.There is an increasing trend to employees changing jobs more(prenominal) frequently, while employees in some cultures and economies deposit with one job during their passage. For example, an unmarrieds go could involve organismness an engineer, though the individual could work for several different firms and in several different areas of engineering over a lifetime. Consequently, this continuous serve that involves the come oution of an individual through some interprets of life and every coif has its own issues, terms and tasks are called as line of achievement growing (Decision Werner and Harris, 2008).This Is a major aspect of human development where it is the cognitive operation how the Individual form their work Identity. The go development extents for inure Lifetime when It pay backs with a persons early awareness of the ways In which state make a living and cover ups as they explores the spick-and-span professions. It may or probably volition include changing the careers and jobs when battalion ultimately decides what career to pursue, prepares for it, applies for and gets a job and advances in it.Based on DRP. Donald Super which is one of the pioneers in the field of career development, argued that deal pass through five career salutes during their life span. Fundamentally, these sequential generalizations often put forward a useful mainframe to understand the career transitions that p eople go forth face in large(p)hood. Once people mastered of certain tasks for each stage, that will allow them to function successfully for every stages and make them to prepare well and move on to the next task.Each stage Is loosely affiliated with a chronological flowing and is characterized by work attitudes, types of relationships, behaviors, and the aspects of work that are valued. Stage 1 Is the growth act upon which the early years from 4 to 13 years old. This stage is a time when the individual first becomes aware of the future. People ill try to perplex ways to develop their competencies and increase control over their life. Meanwhile, for the exploration process at stage 2 that is from the early teens to mid- twenties, people begin to form, specify and implement an occupational choice.People will try to play deferent roles in various occupational options and will be explored though school, leisure, part-time work and volunteering. Before people firmly finding a more stable and sequester fit for their jobs, trial Jobs may be tested by them. The third stage is the establishment process in between the mid- twenties through mid-forties. In this stage, people typically select a suitable field in their professions area and efforts are made to inviolable a long-term place In the chosen career.Young adulthood tends to be a time for stabilizing, consolidating, developing momentum and moving up. earning certifications, credentials, and advanced degrees may be the norm (Worded). At the fourth stage which is the maintenance constancy which cogitates holding on (stagnating or palliating), or keeping up (updating or enriching), continuity, stress, safety and stability tend to be the tired (Worded). Lastly, the final phase of career development is the disengagement recess which around mid-flies. It is typically marked by ready to retire, maintains the respects but still productive.This stage should be more appropriately named reinvestment as they are co mpletely redesigning the notion of retirement preferring to work in some form while pursuing new or renewed outside matter tos. In later adulthood, people in this stage may be a pick out to assist or acquire younger members of society or try to seek self-employment to fulfill their free time. However, based on all of the stages been discussed earlier, people in the mid-forties to mid-flies are at different stage in their career and life than people that is at age 25 or 45.A career change after age 40 understructure be a tricky situation. In this stage, people will decide whether to continue along the uniform track because it is comfortable familiar and secure or change into the other career since there is an opportunity to pursue new in-person or professional goals. This stage is called as middle career years or mid-career change. According to MUM textbook, mid-career means re-appraise early career and early adulthood, reaffirm or modify goals, make choices appropriate to mid dle adult years ND remain productive.Mid-career is a time in which one is more uniformly to consider leaving a current Job in order to rent work in an organization that might indicate promise of greater career fulfillment or address a contract for increased salary or benefits, intrinsic and extrinsic (Worded). After 40, many people begin to look at life differently which they often begin to impression that life really is too short to be stuck in a dead-end or unsatisfying Job.In this middle age situation, it is a time in which adults take on new responsibilities at the workplace and therefore, people of this age often eel a need to reappraise previous life structures with an nerve center to making revisions while there is still time (Yuck, 1997). Sometimes people feel risk adverse with various career options which may lead to frustration or even depression. It may a wish be boring, dull, and unsatisfying. People at this stage already have their own skills and the abilities in contributing a fairly grievous idea.There will be variety of reasons why people try to change their career. The four reasons why people change their career are due to the career plateau, obsolescence, career change and feeling undervalued. I. Career plateau By definition, a career plateau is a point in the career of an employee where the possibility of just promotion within the official hierarchy becomes very low or absent altogether (Worded). People will often reach career plateaus when they continue to work for the same organization for a long time and those who belong to the core of an organization.The feeling of boredom, frustration, tension, loss of On the other hand, career plateau also derives when there is no further development of ones skills and abilities. Ones personal development and growth are stagnating or people stop learning or even futile to upgrade the skills. A leave out of technical skill or career skill may lead to an individuals neglect of promotional opp ortunity or the trust to move into a higher-level position. Either for professional or personal reasons, many people experience the situation at one point during their career of bonny stuck with little or no movement up the career ladder.It possibly occurs due to lack of opportunities within the organization when there is limited or no upward movement within the organization. It means that, there have fewer positions than aspirants at each higher level of the organizational ladder in the pyramidal structure f organizations. Sometimes, some people has the ability to perform effectively in a higher-level position, but a lack of Job openings may hinder their promotion. This is called as structural plateau. Frustration will arise when there is a lack of promotional aspects and lead them to look for other opportunities elsewhere. T. Obsolescence Obsolescence refers to a state of being no longer useful or limited in use, old- fashioned or that which can be easily dispensed with or dis carded. undecomposed like obsolete tools and equipment, employees also get obsolete (Goriest Kinsman, 2012). It means hat, people who are employed in organizations is lack up-to-date of necessary knowledge, skills, techniques, technologies and lack of new work processes to maintain effective performance in their current or future work role.The reason that causes of obsolescence are due to individual himself, his ability and ability to learn on the basis of continuous command and some reasons are due to the companies, which in their lack of ability to develop and implement a plan of action to reduce obsolescence phenomenon, and lack of facilitating the educational activities rather than Just approve them. It can be like a continuum if the people feel that they lack of awareness of change, complacency, lack of confidence, and resistance to change.Further, it could be affecting them at the affective level when it comes to behavior patterns. These could be in terms of an individual fe eling lack of competence in self, lack of career progression opportunities or limited opportunities and the lack of initiative to update oneself (Chuan, 2009). When this habit eventually grows into an obsession, people will feel no rely to work hard, improve or go out of their way to be felt at work. But sometimes, there are other reasons why people feel obsolete and it comes from the organization itself.It makes people have no interest to do their Job since there is a mismatch between the person and the Job, lack of autonomy or non- involvement in decision-making. Besides, the impediments from the boss as he is non-supportive, and the organizational policies and practices like ineffective performance appraisal system which lack of vantage or recognition and inappropriate promotion policy. Iii. Career change In midlife career, there are some reasons to consider people leaving the current Job ND looking for a new opportunity.Some of them are really need to settle their lifestyle, c areer stability and professional challenges with minimum risks. Even there will be possible for them to have all of these needs, they have to try to relocate in order to gain promote, income and challenge. Normally employees change career due to personal dissatisfaction, or environmental factors such as Job loss, threat of in reward system or increased Job demands (MUM textbook). People will feel dissatisfaction when they feel the workplace culture becomes corrupted and begins to impact your performance and ability to advance.Besides, they feel that the Job are too stressful while the stress can become too much to handle. Some other reasons are due to financial stability, meaningfulness of Job, change in lifestyle and so on. v. Feeling undervalued People work in a Job that fails to play to their strengths, in an environment where they are underused will have no gift to productivity rates. There is nothing more demoralizing in the workplace than feeling undervalued by the bosses. Th is misalignment in distributive Justice is a major contributor to Job dissatisfaction.When they feel undervalued and unappreciated at the workplace, regardless of what repression or industry that they are working in, they will begin to lack energy and commitment in their role. They also may leave to go to another Job where they feel that their work and input is more valued. Poor personnel management practices also be another cause such as people feel that they are Just cogs in a machine, are seen as children, feel ignored, or are not recognized, management needs to take the time to look at the system that is in place (Worded).What people need is the workplace culture has to change and managers will have to redirect their fear to fostering a team spirit. On the other hand, people will clearly not feel valued if their working area is in disrepair and the computers are unreliable and outdated. The best way to find out what may potentially cause employees to feel undervalued is to requ est feedback from the team members. Lastly, other signs that employees may suffer from feelings of being undervalued are inexpressive or abusive managers or, and a low quality in work environment or equipment (Worded).Below are the steps that need to be considered on mid-career change by Thee Debacle measuring 1 Analyze your current situation-specifically any changing desires, unanticipated vents, aging, expectations of others, burnout, and anything else that is affecting your current career. It is time for people make an analysis when they realize that they are no longer applicable to the organization. For example, people are no longer interested to that Job are, want to do something completely different, boredom, have high expectation and want to get new opportunities, financial freedom, obsolete in skills and techniques, undervalued and so on.Step 2 Assess interests, values and skills. search your passion, hobbies and any other interests that can be developed into potential car eer opportunities. If people really want to change their career, then they have to target a career that is aligned with interested in Malaysian history but they want to be a banker. manner deeply for points of relevance between the two. gather in this example which Malaysia is a pioneer of Islamic banking, which is growing as a sector in Britain. A conventional British bank may be interested in their understanding of Malaysian heritage if it is looking to launch Shari-compliant financial products (Worded).Step 3 Identify the three most important priorities for changing your career. Obtain information well-nigh career opportunities and localize what kind of new career to start. The three most important priorities are maybe about the satisfaction or interested Job that people wanted to do, financial freedom which they try to find higher payment from the other organization and also the skills and abilities that is similar. For example, a manufacturer will always be a manufacturer, and he or she can manufacture almost anything, give or take a few differences in the nature of the production (Worded).Step 4 Develop a Re-career roadman to ensure a successful transition. Write down career Laos, gather information about prospective careers and make necessary decisions to pursue opportunities that may arise. For example, write out on a piece of paper into two columns which are what I like and what I hate about the present situation. Do this exercise for all of the Jobs, internships, research assistantships, and volunteer and leadership experiences throughout the career to compare them to the current job (Liana G. Levine, 2011).Step 5 Establish an action plan that is built upon realistic expectations and which draws upon available resources. For example, by identifying what people loved and loathed bout each experience, they can map out exactly what it is they want to change, why now is the time they want to make the change, and where they want to go. Since they are the decision-maker, they have an incredible amount of power to make the decision. (Liana G. Levine, 2011). Step 6 Identify and overcome resources barriers. Do not be scared of doing something totally different.Just because they worked in the private sector for 30 years, for example, does not mean people cannot shift to the public sector. They can teach old dog new tricks. Do not be boxed in by where they guess the boundaries are. He age is not a boundary but a benefit as they have the experience and maturity you need to make and cope with major changes in your life (Worded). Step 7 Turn to personal contacts into career stakeholders. Before people make a change, they need to find out what the career and Job really involve.For example, many careers, ranging from interior design to financial planning, may involve selling services in addition to performing them. Or may be enticed by the high average salary of their dream Job, only to find that it is a field where a few people make a lo t and most people make very little. To get the real story, elk to people who work in the field they are targeting. Mid-life can find them though in the field (Margaret Steen). Step 8 Experiment, learn, take risks and network to create new career structures.Try to make a contingency plan no matter how much time and thought people put into developing a detailed plan, they must also plan for when their plan does not come to fruition. For example, according to Liana G. Levine, 2011, say you want to transition out of academia and into industry. You do extensive research to identify 10-15 companies where you would like to work, you transform your C.V. into an industry- roundly resume, you network, you apply for Jobs, you do informational interviews, and still you are not able to land a Job in the timeshare you outlined in your original plan. Step 9 Learn how to deal with doubt and uncertainty as the new career unfolds. Continue from the example above base on Liana G. Levine, 2011, muff mu st be flexible, and you must build that flexibility as well as contingencies into your strategy. So if you do not get a particular Job for which you aim, you can expand your search parameters, and determine what else interests you, or research what additional skills and expertise is needed to get back on track. Step 10 Implement actionable strategies to achieve new career goals.Make sure mid-life have to develop a plan that includes timeliness and deadlines, major goals and daily goals, and steps to take to achieve each milestone. For example, if your overall goal is to stay in academia but move to Japan and do your research there, then daily goals may include networking and contacting potential collaborators, exploring what are the right institutions and labs for your investigations, and researching the culture, language and funding opportunities available in the country (Worded). Step 1 1 Invest in re-training programs that will build on your existing expertise and knowledge.For example, people have to attend the workshop in order to upgrade their skills, techniques and also their experiences in order to get high Job expectations. Step 12 Look at the mid-career transition realistically to manage emotions such as fear, anxiety, or a sense of loss. For example, acknowledge the inner fear instead of ignoring it. Try to be confident in developing the new career since people in the mid- life already have their own capabilities of experiences, knowledge, skills and techniques. They no need to feel felonious once they shift their Job.PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL EFFECTS AS A RESULT OF MID-CAREER CHANGE once people have confirmed changing their career, they may inquire about the effects a career change may have. It is true that, a career change represents a potential opportunity to pursue an interest you may have held for many years. However, the process of changing careers also involves potential consequences either in the psychological and also social effects that have to be considered. The effects are obstacle to self- management, additional education and training, income and Job status uniqueness, improved sense of well-being and retirement funds. . Obstacle to Self-Management Midlife career change is outlined as a change when age is a factor. Increasing in age inappropriateness in terms of age discrimination will occur since the career was change at age forties. Age discrimination is when a person is treated less favorably than another person in a similar situation, because of their age (Worded). For example, it could be direct age discrimination if an older applicant is not considered for a Job because it is assumed that they are not as up to date with technology as a younger person (obsolescence).It is also age discrimination when there is a rule or policy that is the same for everyone but has an unfair effect on people of a particular age. This is called indirect discrimination. It also will effect to the behavior of the mid-career sh ifter such as the behavior and also self-image. Sometimes, the employers Just pay a little attention to the mid-career worker. It. Additional Education and Training Sometimes, as mid-career changers find that they need additional education or training to qualify for their new vocations even though they have a lot of experience about the previous Job before.As they becoming older, sometimes they are always lack of new changes like technologies, techniques and skills. For example, a lecturer may involve enrolling in a formal degree program to earn an associates, bachelors or masters degree, or even a doctorate or professional degree in order to meet the qualifications to teach. Meanwhile other mid-career changers involve vocational training, either within a vocational school program or as an apprentice, intern or trainee due to improve their skills and knowledge.Thus, due to these changes, the mid-career changers must finance all or part of their own training and education. Ii. Income and Job Status Consequences As mention at the second effect, professionals who pursue career changes at mid- career may suffer financial consequences that affect them and their families alike. Career changers who enroll in college or vocational school full time often suffer a dramatic decrease in income while they are enrolled in classes and until they find employment in their new careers.Career changers also frequently find themselves starting over in entry-level positions in their new vocations or professions. In addition, some career changes involve accepting dramatic salary cuts. For example, a career changes from a diploma lecturer to become a degree lecturer. Lb. Improved Sense of Well-Being Not all of the effects of switching careers are detrimental. In fact, many career changers enjoy an enhanced sense of well-being. Decreased stress on the Job is another beneficial effect many career changers enjoy.Others enjoy a advertise in income or improved relationships with their s pouses or partners and their families. Career changes also frequently involve using skills that the career changer had used in pursuing a hobby, and in such cases, the new profession can prove to be especially enjoyable. V. Retirement Funds Changing Jobs or careers may also mean dealing with retirement funds invested in the employer-based retirement plan. The options vary depending on the circumstances of the individual career changer.Some career changers roll over their funds into a retirement plan funded by their new employers or to an individual retirement account. Other career changers opt to cash out their employer-based retirement plans. Career is the progress and actions of the persons occupations or sequence of Jobs held by someone throughout a lifetime which is until that person end up the careers. Most of the situations, people do not Just referring to one position only but often looking for another Jobs which composed of the Jobs held, titles earned and work accomplished over a long period of time.This is a major aspect of human development where it is the process how the individual form their work identity. The career development extents for entire lifetime when it begins with a persons earliest awareness of the ways in which people make a living and continues as they explores the new professions. It may or probably will include changing the careers and Jobs hen people ultimately decides what career to pursue, prepares for it, applies for and gets a Job and advances in it.There are 5 stages in the career development which starts on growth process which the early years from 4 to 13 years old, the exploration process at stage 2 that is from the early teens to mid-twenties, the third stage which establishment process in between the mid-twenties through mid-forties, fourth stage which is the maintenance process is usually happens in the mid-forties to mid-flies and the final phase of career development is the disengagement process which around mid-flie s. The issue here is about the fourth stage which is the situation for mid-career changers which begin from the age of 40.A lot of reasons have been discussed about the factors that influencing mid-career changers. quartette reasons why people change their career are due to the career plateau, obsolescence, career change and feeling undervalued. Also, there are twelve steps need to be considered when making mid-career changers and has been discussed at the above explanations. Lastly, five psychological and social effects as result of mid- career changes been issued which are obstacles to self-management, additional education and training, income and Job status consequences, improved sense of well-being and retirement funds.In a conclusion, effective decision-making is necessary to the employers peaceful mind before making mid-life career changes. Try to think which the best Job that will satisfy ourselves is, and what kind of Job that we like the most. Try to be considering what is good and what is bad if we change our career. At least we will never regret once we retire later. REFERENCES 1 . MUM textbook, Career Planning And Development 2. William J. Retells, (2008) Working Longer, New Strategies for Managing, Training, ND Retaining Older Employees.