Ava DuVernays Documentary: 13th, an Analysis

Ava DuVernays Documentary thirteenth, an analytic thinking13th Documentary Close Reading AnalysisIn the mid-1960s, Malcolm X said, If you stick a knife nine inches into my bandaging and invest it give away three inches, that it not get along with. Even if you pull it all(prenominal) the way out, that is not progress. Progress is healing the wound, and America hasnt even begun to pull out the knife. And, to this day, Malcolm Xs words are right as salient and apocalyptical as they were during the Civil Rights Era. The exigent problem that American rescript recognizes exactly ref enjoyments to acknowledge is that nasty flock meet and continue to be excluded from the questionable snow-white American kindity. Some Americans could argue that the 13th amendment left an promote and indelible impression on the racial fabric of American society. in that location is a historic and prevalent notion that America prides and extols herself in her hobby for e lineament and justn ess. Further more than, America worships herself on the alters of democracy, justice and equality. American patriots said that vague flock should be grateful for the 13th amendment. But, the problem, like an ominous shadow, remains. American patriots said that they acknowledged the error of their ways and consequently conferred former sear slaves with the 14th and 15th amendments yet, the exigent issue remains. American patriots told color battalion to show nearly gratitude for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and yet, the problem akin to an single(a) who tirelessly struggles to extricate himself from the invisible shackles, remains. Though some could argue that the issue of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 reflect the racial progress of America, I would argue that these same laws that sought to include color people into humanity reflects white American societys estrangement and vehement opposition towards humanity. Furthermore, these amendm ents have likewise represented the painful struggle of vitriolic peoples quest to kick the bucket effectively human. In Ava DuVernays documentary, 13th, the use of storytelling is use to accent the truthfulness that the legacies of the 13th amendment and bondage are still very visible in black communities. The storytelling in the documentary is informative in form, and this didacticism is in the end used to produce the reality that the further white America runs from the truth, the originally the truth go forth find her.The use of storytelling in the DuVernays documentary is used to illustrate the legacies of slavery and the 13th amendment. According to the documentary, from Nixons cartridge clip as president to the present, the war on drugs has become more pestilent and more lethal. During his presidency, Nixon tacitly said that the black population was a menace to society. Thus, Nixon created a dust that exclusively targeted black people without explicitly expressing the underlying motivations and inspiration of an unjust criminal system. or else of a war on black people, Nixon proposed a war on drugs. During Regans presidency, the war on drugs was consecrated. Throughout time, this war on drugs became more insidious and was born and reborn throughout various presidencies. To this day, the war on drugs is a war on black people. However, the primary users of illegal drugs are conservative white people (Knafo, 2013). Interestingly, Americas illegal drug trade is a $151 billion-dollar labor (Knafo, 2013). Given the poverty and structural inequality in black communities, black people from urban settings such as the south side of Chicago, tocopherol Orange, New Jersey, or Compton, California are not the primary beneficiaries of this big(a) industry. Through this, we witness the way state and federal governments use drugs to incarcerate black people. In turn, black peoples imprisonment has become a hugger-mugger venture. However, this is not a novel occurrence. There have been historical cardinal forces that have contributed to the current racial inequalities and criminal injustices. Many American patriots post the 13th amendment as hotshot of the most significant milestones in the account statement of America. Though the 13th amendment seemingly established all former slaves to legal human status, thither was a caveat in the clause incomplete slavery nor involuntary servitude, notwithstanding as a punishment for offensive whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or place subject to their jurisdiction (DuVernay, 2016). In essence, slavery was illegal except for those who committed a criminal offense, which means a black mortal can be re-enslaved. Before the 13th Amendment, most convicts in prisons were white people. However, after the 13th amendment, most prisoners were black people. In addition, these former slaves were wrapped and fined for petty theft, vagabondag e and lack of keeping a steady note (DuVernay). If black people could not pay the fines, some were sold to digging and timber companies whilst early(a)s were sold back to the southern plantations that they worked on before the flying of the 13th Amendment. Under the convict lease schedule, prisoners were forced to work in deplorable conditions and many convicts died from disease and abuse. In time, the convict lease program gave birth to chain gangs, in which black prisoners were chained together whilst undergoing knockout and menial work, effectively reinforcing and perpetrating the enslavement of black young-begetting(prenominal)s (Slavery by Another Name, PBS). During the 1950s, American society gradually illegalized chain gangs (Slavery by Another Name, PBS). Thus, American society forgot of the criminal injustices of the ancient past. The role of storytelling can be used to tactile sensation at the current war on drugs and reflect on its historical utility in assuaging t he conscience of white America. According to the documentary, the imprisonment metre for the possession of crack cocaine is approximately 100 times more grievous than the sentence for the possession of powdered cocaine. Not still does the use of storytelling reveal the lineage of the 13th amendment, from convict leasing, to chain gangs, and ultimately to the pestilent of the prison industrial complex, but it also reveals that the legacies of slavery and the 13th amendment are still very visible in black communities today.In the documentary, the storytelling is didactic in form. Through this narrative storytelling, it seeks to re-educate American society, and dispute white Americas notions of democracy, justice and equality. Malcom X aptly said, History is a peoples memory, and without memory, man is demoted to the wretcheder animals. I would argue that the didactic nature of the storytelling serves not only to educate, but to challenge white America. Furthermore, the instructiv e lessons of history that are characterized in this storytelling serves as a plea for America to wake up, and for America to claim the humanity that it has historically abandoned. In the early 1900s, it was common for southern whites to imprison black people in zoos for the general publics entertainment and satisfaction (ABS Staff). In addition, mothers would pull their children out of school to witness the expo of black mothers, fathers and small children in zoos. The exhibition of black people in zoos was a deliberate action in characterizing black people as members of a criminal, savage, and suspicious race. In essence, these human zoo exhibitions sought to represent black people as innately primitive, brutish and uncivilized. Though, some may now say that we do not commit such unspeakable atrocities, I would argue that the past informs the present. In the documentary, contributors described the media promotion of imprisoned black people as innately primitive, unhinged, amoral, and dehumanized beings. Though, we may not throw bread crumbs to African-American male prisoners, we still throw proverbial bread crumbs, when the media exploits black males humanities. With the use of didacticism in storytelling, the narrative presented in the story seeks to re-educate, eradicate the amnesia of American society, and ultimately reveal the haunting reality the further white America runs from truth, the sooner it will find her.In Ava Duverneys documentary, 13th, the use of storytelling is used to accent the reality that the legacies of the 13th amendment and slavery are still very visible in black communities. The storytelling in the documentary is didactic in form, and this didacticism is ultimately used to expose the reality that the further America runs from truth the sooner it finds her. In both content and form, this documentary sought to educate, inspire, confront, challenge, and expose the legacies of the 13th amendment in hopes that white American society will begin to humanize herself. work Cited13th. Dir. Ava DuVernay. 13th. Netflix, 7 Oct. 2016. Web. 12 Mar. 2017.Chain Gangs. PBS. Public Broadcasting Service, n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.Knafo, Saki. When It Comes To nonlegal Drug Use, White America Does The Crime, Black America Gets The Time. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.Staff, ABS. 13 Shameful Pictures of atomic number 63ans Placing African People in Human Zoos. battle of Atlanta Black Star. N.p., 29 Dec. 2016. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.Ryanair Porters Five ForcesRyanair Porters Five ForcesRyanair, is europiums graduation exercise and giganticst d feature(p) fares airline. It was founded in 1985, set up by the Ryan family, with 2 aircrafts, 51 rung and 1 flight route from Waterford in the southeast of Ireland to London Gatwick daily. The visual sense of Ryanair start as no frills brand, number 1 fares flight, raise supplementary taxation and finally to be no fares flight if available. Ryana irs objective is become the draw of the atomic number 63s low-fares airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of low-fares passenger service. It aims to offer low fares to attract and queue up the passenger during the aircraft maintenance checking to ensure bell-containment and operating(a) efficiencies for shorten the reverting time.Nowadays, Ryanair own uniformed fleet of Boeing NG 737-800s in total of 210, hired 7200 staff and 150 destination points within 26 countries. The passenger traffic grew to about 65,300,000 passengers a year, it hold 28.67% of the entire passenger in the European Low Fares air hose Association (ELFAA). Ryanair had listed at the first place, as the champion airline with the most passengers in Europe which cater low fare short-haul travel. The low fare strategy let Ryanair a shortcut to raise the profit and ancillary revenue, it made Ryanair kept supremacy in the future. This is the author that Ryanair has been so successful thus far.Five Forces depth psychology holy terror of entryRyanair is a well-known low-fares airline in Europe since 1985 and it was a strong airline brand. If there have any emf impertinent entrants get into the airline industry market, they may need to disbursal a large amount of advertising fee to compete on Ryanairs battleground, the European airline industry. Ryanair after setup the online booking and reservation system Skylights, it has heavily promoted its website through newspaper, radio and television advertising, there have been nest egg the marketing and distribution costs.Competitive contenderRyanair has an advantage over other rival airlines, no-frills and low-fares are the company policy. It expanding the short-haul flight routes, use point-to-point strategy and shorten the flight turnarounds to reduce the cost outlay. However, other airlines compete in cost increasing competition, for the more monetary value sensitive customers with high customers benefit, using price wars between rival airlines. At the low price airlines, EasyJet is one of the competitor, but not really compete with Ryanair. The aim of the competitive rivalry is the threat to lead for sales decline.Bar take a shiting power of SuppliersFor an airline, suppliers are primarily limited to the aeroplane and dismiss supply. Ryanair had made very good race to its unique aeroplane suppliers, Boeing. Ryanair made a large volume trim down with Boeing within the economic downturn at 2002 while other airlines on hold the aircraft purchase, and Boeing need to provide up to 150 of 737-800 type aircraft for Ryanair. In addition, Boeing also provides various ancillary products, spare parts support and technical foul support for Ryanair. By the expanding to the aircraft, Ryanair can expand more destinations in Europe and provide low-fare ticket to the passengers, this make Ryanair become the youngest carrier in Europe and listed as second largest airlines worldwide which behind the Sout hwest airline. The fuel price is governed by world trade and fuel market dominated by the shopping center Eastern countries. Ryanair was dependent on hedging, based on improve guessing for the fuel, to meet its low-fares policy.Bargaining power of buyersIn airline industry, there have standardized product, flexible demand, airline brand and the service quality for consumers to determine and concern. Ryanair sold the flight ticket for customers through its website online system, this is the main reason can provide competitive price which in the industry level.Threat of substituteIn continental Europe, it offers an excellent railway trains which connected to the study cities that Ryanair can fly to, but the train ticket is very dear(predicate) than Ryanair and also need to endure a longer journey. The second choice is driving car travel from place to place, but it is also time consuming than Ryanair and may meet lots of road problems and hassles. And the last one, it should be th e video conference, this is not a kind of transport service, it is global chat technology which solves the travel time and timing problem for the meeting and traffic agreement via web-camera, computer and internet network. It should be much cheaper than Ryanair and most widget for Business Corporation.PESTEL summary(P)oliticalThere was governmental stability in the countries within Europe, it attracts more people to travel within Europe and feel safety. Middle East OPEC had a political force for the fuel oil. European northward (EU) had expansion to 27 countries, and abolished the duty- desolate sales, this encourage Ryanair plan to open new flight routes to gain profits and raise ancillary revenue. The partake of political factors was low.(E)conomicalThe market which outside the Europe was undeveloped, their market and the countries economies was non-stable. Most of the Europe countries had coupled into the EU, the economies and consumers was stable and appendage. However, the fuel price had kept increase on a high price level, depreciation of US dollars make inflation in US economy and affected other countries currencies. In case, Ryanair can gain lot of regional subsidies to solve the high fuel price. In Europe, some countries had its own local high-speed trains as main transportation for citizens. The stupor of economical factors was low.(S)ocialThe economies of the EU countries was stable, this change the citizens lifestyles, such as increasing vacation travelling and business travelling. The consumer demographics were changing and consumer preferences also fluctuating. This brings the increase of the grey market. The impact of social factors was high.(T)echnologicalThe use of Boeing NG 737-800s aircraft was low emission, low fuel ruin consumption and environmentally-friendly. This reduces the flight cost to provide low fares for passengers. Ryanair also provide online booking and reservation service on its website (www.ryanair.com) which calle d Skylights, designed by Accenture unresolved Skies. It allows internet users to nark Ryanairs host reservation system and to make fee for confirmed reservations in real time. The result of internet booking had growth rapidly since Ryanair launch the Skylights system. The impact of technological factors was low.(E)nvironmentalRyanair had changed its fleet from Boeing 737-200 aircraft to Boeing NG 737-800s neighboring Generation aircraft since the replacement and expansion programme start at 1999. Ryanair own and operate the youngest and most fuel efficient aircraft fleet in Europe. Ryanair as the Europes greenest airline has minimized and continues to reduce fuel burn and CO2 emissions combine with numerous fuel saving measures, such as using a la mode(p) aircraft winglets design and engine technology. It helps to increase fuel efficiency and limit emissions. Ryanair is also the European leader in noise levels controls, and it is good at chase away reduction of low-fare low-co st business model, such as no free meals, drinks or newspapers offer.(L)egalRyanair was focus on airports terms and conditions and deal airport access and service charges agreement among airports, many airports has allowed Ryanair to negotiate favorable contracts with access airports facilities.Strengths synopsisRyanair had the first mover advantage and it is a low cost Airline Business Model that restructured European Aviation Industry as low cost leader with substantial growth. It use pioneer innovative cost reduction methods and established market share with high load factor. Ryanair had a good strong public image which provide various ancillary services and kept expanding flight routes. Ryanair also is the member of safety committee.Weaknesses analysisRyanair had incompatible relationship with competitors, with fickle customer relations. It manages uncharacteristic expansion and only relies on Michael OLeary.Strategy evaluationRyanair mainly focus on online bookings service and only provide one class travel with ticketless boarding and unallocated seats. Their flights just fly to secondary or regional airports with point-to-point flying and reduced turnaround times. Ryanair work their marketing in-house, no frills and no refund policy. It owns Europe youngest and large uniform new fleets of Boeing NG737-800s. It operations denominated in Europe and hedge fuel risk to avoid high fuel cost.